Closed fractures is reduced with or without anesthesia and then reduced. Treatment of bone fractures are broadly classified as surgical or conservative:
The conservative approach is referred to any non-surgical procedure, such as pain management, immobilization or other non-surgical stabilization.
Conservative approach Fracture treatment is usually aimed at making sure there is the best possible function of the injured part after healing. Treatment also focuses on providing the injured bone with the best circumstances for optimum healing.
Cast Immobilization: After the bone is fractured, it is reduced i.e. they must aligned while they heal. This may include:
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Plaster casts or plastic functional braces - these hold the bone in position until it has healed. Now a days porous casts are used. These porous castes are easy to apply and are not uncomfortable.
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Metal plates and screws - current procedures use minimally invasive techniques.
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Intra-medullary nails - Internal steel rods are placed down the center of long bones. Flexible wires may be used in children.
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External fixators - these may be made of metal or carbon fiber; they have steel pins that go into the bone directly through the skin. They are a type of scaffolding outside the body. Usually the fractured bone area is immobilized for between two to eight weeks. The duration depends on which bone is affected and whether there are any complications, such as a blood supply problem or an infection.
Pain management: Pain killers like ibuprofen, diclofenac is used to relieve pain.
Physiotherapy: Once the fracture is healed it is necessary to restore muscle strength as well as mobility to the affected area. If the fracture occurred near or through a joint there is a risk of permanent stiffness - the individual may not be able to bend that joint as well as before.
Surgery approach: If there is a damage to the skin and soft tissue around the affected bone or joint, plastic surgery might be required.
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Bone grafting: Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a major health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.
References:
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00139
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312.php